Global Warming, Global Myth

"If they do not announce disasters, no one will hear."

- Sir John Houghton, the first President of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), and the liberalization of the first three reports.


During the 20th century, the warming of 0.6 degrees Celsius (1 degree Fahrenheit), but this warming has been wiped out in one year with a decrease of 0.63 degrees Celsius (1.13 F) in 2007. A common one is not a reversal of the trend, but the size of the drop in temperature - the equivalent of 100 years of warming - negligible. And, of course, could also be argued that a mere 0.6 degree warming in the century, so small that it should not be considered cause for alarm in the first place. How then can the idea of global warming are being sold to the public? In any case, global cooling was evident in more than one year. Decreased global temperatures since 1998. At the same time, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has gone in the other direction, which increases 15-20%. This difference casts doubt on the validity of the greenhouse hypothesis, but this has not discouraged advocates of global warming. Have for a long time to ignore the greatest proof that the basic premise of global warming from increased carbon dioxide is false.

Man-made emissions of carbon dioxide are not large in all parts of the world before the start of industrialization in the 1940s. It has grown steadily since then. More than 80% of the 20th century, an increase of carbon dioxide occurred after 1940 - but the bulk of the increase in temperature in the century occurred before 1940! From 1940 until the mid-1970s, also failed to act in the climate, according to the theory of global warming, carbon dioxide strongly increase the temperature in the world while it cools. This led to a cooling countless scare stories in the media about a meeting and the start of a new Ice Age.

In the past 1.6 million years there were 63 rotations between warm and cold climates, and not evidence that any of them were due to changes in the levels of carbon dioxide. A recent study of a much longer period (600 million years) shows - without exception - that temperature changes precede changes in carbon dioxide levels, not vice verse. As the earth warms the land and ocean lead to more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, because warmer water, which can not hold as much carbon dioxide as colder water.

The public was to believe that the increase in carbon dioxide resulting from human activities cause global warming is heating the planet. However, the amount of carbon dioxide, 0,035% of the atmosphere, is very weak greenhouse gas. Although it is widely blamed for global warming, not only of the greenhouse gases, or even more important. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas and accounts for a period of not less than 95% of any greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide constitutes only about 3%, and the remainder due to methane and other gases.

Not only carbon dioxide is the sum of a small greenhouse effect, and the contribution of mankind is small. The vast majority (97%) of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere comes from nature, not man-made. Volcanoes, and wetlands, rice paddies, fallen leaves, even insects and bacteria produce carbon dioxide, as well as methane. According to the magazine Science (November 5, 1982), and termites alone emit ten times the carbon dioxide from factories and cars all around the world. More natural wetlands, emits greenhouse gases from all human activities combined. (And, if global warming is the problem, why are we trying to save all the wetlands?) Geothermal activity in Yellowstone National Park emitted ten times the carbon dioxide medium-sized coal-burning to generate electricity, volcanoes emit hundreds of times. In fact, we are in the composition of the atmosphere mainly as a result of volcanic activity. There are about 100 active volcanoes today, mostly in remote areas, and we live in a period of relative decline in volcanic activity. There were times when volcanic activity was ten times higher than in the modern era. But so far the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions is the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean. Produces 72% of the land of the carbon dioxide emissions, and the rest of the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and also contribute in other oceans. Human contribution to such a shadow of much larger sources of carbon dioxide. Combination of factors of nature and the production of water vapor, carbon dioxide, we see that 99.8% of the greenhouse effect has nothing to do with carbon dioxide emissions resulting from human activity. How can we organize a big impact small impact on the rest of the world's climate, carbon dioxide, even if climate determined?

Because carbon dioxide is very low greenhouse gas emissions, and computer models predicted an environmental disaster depends on a small amount of carbon dioxide warming is being amplified by increased evaporation of water. But in the many documented periods of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations, even during periods of warming climate is much, and that it had never occurred. During the time of the dinosaurs, and the carbon dioxide levels greater than 300-500% today. Five hundred million years, and the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 15-20 times what it is today. After the catastrophic amplification of water vapor and carbon dioxide in warming did not happen at all. Today we are facing a catastrophic warming will lead to carbon dioxide in the case of doubles. However, during the Ordovician, and the carbon dioxide level of 12 times what it is today, and the land was in the Ice Age. This is exactly the opposite of a "runaway" warming that computer models predict should happen. It is clear that models which rely on the erroneous assumption that the amplification is contrary millions of years of climate record. There is no reason to trust computer-based predictions or public policies concerning them. Reid Bryson, founding chairman of the Committee of the Department of Meteorology at the University of Wisconsin, said, "You can go outside and spit and have the same effect as doubling carbon dioxide."

Climate Change

Coping with Climate Change: National Summit Proceedings is a remarkable book for a remarkable time. Its 256 pages capture great thinking and ideas from environmental leaders regarding national adaptation strategies to climate change.

The book presents the discussions, papers and presentations from the historic 2007 National Summit on Coping with Climate Change, hosted by the University of Michigan's School of Natural Resources and Environment (SNRE). The book contains keynote speeches, transcripts of breakout sessions and panel discussions, and the candid and valuable insights from sector syntheses and scenario summaries. The companion CD has many of the key PowerPoint presentations as well as photos from the Summit.

SNRE organized the May 8-10 event as the University's commitment to the Clinton Global Initiative, a non-partisan effort to devise and implement solutions to world challenges. External Summit sponsorship came from Google Inc., the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Frey Foundation, the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

"The nation has lost a decade in thinking seriously about coping with climate change. This Summit was an effort to jump-start that conversation with science and policy leaders and put SNRE in the forefront of innovative thinking to confront climate change," said SNRE Dean Rosina M. Bierbaum.

Bierbaum co-edited the book with Dan Brown, SNRE associate dean for research, and Jan McAlpine, a visiting scholar from the U.S. Department of State.

Effects Of Global Warming

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that the increase in global atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (C[O.sub.2]) is primarily due to fossil fuel use and, in a smaller but still significant level, to land-use change.

An Inconvenient Truth, a documentary by former United States Vice-President Al Gore, has also drawn public attention to the critical issue of global warming and how the burning of fossil fuels has increased the amount of C[O.sub.2] in the atmosphere. Global warming can result in many serious alterations to the environment, eventually impacting human health. It can also cause a rise in sea level, leading to the loss of coastal land, a change in precipitation patterns, increased risks of droughts and floods, and threats to biodiversity. The effects are already evident in areas like Nunavut, Canada, where Inuit hunters are facing survival challenges due to the thinning of the ice. Explorer Will Steger gives an account of hunters in the Baffin Island, who are faced with the dilemma of unsafe hunting due to ice loss, risking their lives to get in contact with sea animals.

Besides the visible effects on people's livelihoods, global warming is predicted to have a strong and adverse impact on human health. The populations of countries that have contributed the least to global warming are the most vulnerable to death and diseases brought about by higher temperatures. The coastlines along the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean and in sub-Saharan Africa will be at higher risk of enduring the health effects of climate change

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that climate change is responsible for at least 150,000 deaths per year, a number that is expected to double by 2030. The effects of global warming will cause dire health consequences:

Infectious diseases. IPCC predicts that global warming will worsen human health conditions, especially in tropical regions. In places like Africa, an increase in temperature signifies an increase in mosquito populations, thus escalating the risk of malaria, dengue and other insect-borne infections. Other regions are also affected. The United States experienced varying levels of malaria outbreaks; in 2006, the United Kingdom was plagued by an outbreak of legionnaires' diseases--a bacterial lung infection that scientists attribute to global warming. WHO states that global warming will also cause a major increase in insect-borne diseases in Europe. Countries like Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Turkey might already be in the danger zone for mosquito-borne malaria. However, the ability to tolerate temperature changes differs from region to region. Richer societies can utilize technological advances; for example, the use of more powerful air conditioners and the construction of houses minimize heat retention. On the other hand, developing countries lack not only the technological know-how, but also the resources and public health systems, required to prevent such outbreaks.

Heatwaves. Prolonged periods of abnormally high temperatures can have serious health effects on vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and the sick. This was already seen during the 2003 heatwave in Europe, which claimed approximately 35,000 lives. In a study by Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research in the United Kingdom, scientists using computer models showed how greenhouse gas emissions have increased the likelihood of heatwaves. The most common health effect is hyperthermia or heatstroke that can be fatal if left untreated. IPCC predicts that global warming will lead to hot days, followed by nights of high temperatures.

Loss of agricultural productivity. Global warming can result in droughts that can worsen living conditions, particularly in Africa. The World Wild Fund has reported that climate change can drastically alter rainfall pattern, and risk water and food supplies for millions. The IPCC report estimates that approximately 75 million to 250 million people in Africa will be without adequate water and will face food shortages by 2020, as crop productivity will decline by about 50 per cent. Rising temperatures could also result in food shortages for 130 million people in Asia.

Asthma and other respiratory diseases. People suffering from heart problems are more vulnerable to increased temperatures, especially those living in already warm areas, as their cardiovascular system must work harder to keep their body cool. Hot temperatures increase the ozone concentration, which can damage people's lung tissue and cause complications for asthma patients and those with lung diseases.

Increased global warming can also pose a threat to national security, affecting food security, which, in turn, can lead to resource conflicts. At the UN Security Council debate on energy, security and climate, British Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett introduced global warming as a security risk. Despite opposition from many Council members, such as the Russian Federation and China, she argued that the loss of basic needs due to climate change in poor countries can increase the risk of conflicts. Similarly, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni has labelled climate change as "an act of aggression by the rich against the poor".

It Is Our Matter

A fire and have an impact on ecosystems and many of the terrestrial processes, including climate change, would have been underestimated, according to a report of the panel, Thomas W. Swetnam, director of the Tree-Ring Research Laboratory at the University of Arizona, Tucson. "It is estimated that the deforestation from the burning of people, about one-fifth of humanity is causing global warming - and the percentage that could be the biggest. It is very obvious that the fire is the main driver of global climate change and this is a call to arms for scientists in the country study and a better assessment of the role of the Fire " All fires have a combined annual amount of the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is equal to 50% of this amount from the combustion of fossil fuels. "It is clear that the fire and one of the most important measures to combat climate change, but the fire does not respond - they feed the warming, which in turn the fire," The Vietnam. When plants are burned to the release of carbon storage increased global warming. More fires, more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, warming and more - and more warming, and fires. Excellent soot into the atmosphere - known as black carbon - even at high temperatures. "An alarming is that some in relation to the comments and other uncertainties, which could have an important role in the inclusion in the future of climate change," and warns Vietnam. 22 The report authors urge that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, to the role of a comprehensive ceasefire in the global climate change, and the inclusion of the fire for a better future and reports on this topic. Never fire, because people on the ground, and the activity in any place and at a time and the omission of acceptable and maintains Vietnam. "The fire of the unusual, but very accurate."

Save Our Enviroment

Nations Trust Launches 'Cool Pavement Coatings'

PHOENIX, Aug. 3 /PRNewswire/ -- With the launch of the Emerald Cities Project May 2009, Nations Technology Trust Ltd. has initiated a green initiative aimed at Global Warming by introducing cool pavement products to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect of the cities. In July 2009, Nations Technology Trust Ltd. signed an Agreement to represent and market a Polymer Composite Micro-Overlay (PCMO E-Krete) developed by Polycon for introduction into global markets.

E-Krete polymer pavement coatings were originally developed for resurfacing, restoring, and extending the service life of asphalt pavement and have been used in military applications for over 10 years. It is lighter in color than asphalt, and has been tested and used by the Army Corps of Engineers for roads and airports. It meets with FAA approvals, Mil Specs, has a 10 year guarantee and is as now approved by numerous Departments of Transportation in the USA. Branded as "Emerald Cool Pavement" under the Emerald Cities Initiative, Nations Technology Trust Ltd. intends to offer this product in a palate of pre-mixed designer colors which can be added to the batch mix at the paving job site.

But why add color as a weapon against global warming? It seems so simple and so low-tech. According to Steven Chu, Nobel prize-winning physicist and now President Obama's Energy Secretary, changing the color of roofs, roads and pavements to reflect more sunlight and heat could play a big part in containing global warming. In fact, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California (of which Professor Chu was director) has calculated that changing surface colors in 100 of the world's largest cities could save the equivalent of 44 billion tons of carbon dioxide -- about as much as global carbon emissions are expected to rise over the next decade. "As a people, we are approaching the edge of the earth," remarks Ed Doyle, Director of Nations Technology Trust Ltd. "We are running out of time and really have no choice. But given the crisis, isn't it refreshing to realize we can do something 'simple' for a change that can actually make a difference?"

In marketing the "Emerald Cool Coatings" it is evident that many of the cities who need to take this action have no money for financing green projects at this time. "The mandate to reduce emissions combined with lack of funding for new projects puts most cities in a very difficult position," comments Sheri Roese, Director of the US Project Office in Phoenix, Arizona. "Through what we are now calling "Emerald Green Bonds," Nations Trust Ltd. is committed to assisting municipalities to leverage energy savings and carbon offset credits into private sector revenue bonds in order to get these projects done. Given the economy, this concept represents a creative new way forward."

Based in London, Nations Trust Ltd. has historically specialized in structured project finance risk mitigation solutions utilizing major international bank financing backed by investment grade insurance. Nations Technology Trust Ltd., a division, reviews and selects the best sustainable technologies for Emerald Cities Projects, providing solutions for city planners, community developers and municipalities.

Cool pavement benefits are not limited to heat island reduction. There also are a number of ancillary benefits which have been established by the EPA. Cool pavements can create improvements in water quality through reduced toxicity and heating of runoff into the water table; and polymer permeable pavement coatings have been shown to significantly reduce the noise of city streets and freeways.